There are many classification methods for CNC machine tools.
According to the CNC motion trajectory of the machine tool, it can be divided into the following categories:
Point controlled CNC machine tool: refers to the precision of controlling the relative displacement of the tool to the workpiece during tool movement, without considering the trajectory between two points, such as in CNC drilling machines.
Point to line control of CNC machine tools: Based on point control, ensure that the motion trajectory is a straight line and the tool moves while cutting.
Contour control CNC machine tool: It can control the movement of two or more coordinates (multi axis linkage), and the tool motion trajectory is a spatial curve.
According to the control mode of the servo system, it can be divided into the following categories:
Open loop control CNC machine tool: The displacement of the machine tool is not detected and compensated, the price is low, and the accuracy and stability are poor.
Semi closed loop control CNC machine tool: detects and compensates for the position of servo motors or transmission screws, with high accuracy, good stability, moderate price, and wide application.
Closed loop control of CNC machine tools: detecting and compensating for the position of moving parts of the machine tool, with high accuracy, difficult stability control, and high price.
According to the number of linkage axes, it can be divided into the following categories:
2.5-axis CNC machine tool: can only complete the linkage of X and Y axes and complete the machining of planar contours. Z-axis motion can achieve layered processing.
Three axis CNC machine tool: Complex surfaces can be machined through the linkage of X, Y, and Z axes. Three axis CNC milling machine is a commonly used CNC milling machine in the current mechanical manufacturing industry.
Four axis linkage CNC machine tool: In the X, Y, and Z axis linkage, add rotation around one of the axes.
Five axis linkage CNC machine tool: X, Y, Z axis linkage, rotating around two axes, can achieve the machining of various complex surfaces.
4. According to the relative position relationship between the spindle and the worktable, it can be divided into the following types:
Vertical CNC machine tool: The spindle of the vertical CNC machine tool is placed vertically relative to the worktable, and can complete processes such as milling, boring, drilling, and tapping. Vertical machining centers are mostly three-axis linkage, which can achieve three-dimensional surface milling, and machining centers can also achieve 4-axis and 5-axis control. Vertical machining centers are suitable for machining parts with small heights and sizes.
Horizontal CNC machine tool: The spindle of the horizontal CNC machine tool is placed horizontally relative to the worktable. Usually equipped with a rotating shaft (rotating table). Horizontal CNC machine tools are particularly suitable for processing box parts, and can complete a series of surface and hole processing at once.
The machining center is equipped with a tool magazine on the CNC machine tool, which stores different cutting tools and gauges. During the processing, ATC is automatically selected and replaced by program control. The functions of milling, boring, drilling, and threading are centralized on one device, and the process methods are diverse.
