The emergence of CNC machine tools is a significant improvement in industrial performance. It can effectively solve the machining problems of complex and variable parts and is an automated machine tool. Programmers use CNC machine tools for machining.
Here is an introduction to how CNC machine tools develop machining steps:
1. Selection of CNC machine tools
The main factors to consider when machining parts on CNC machine tools include the type and material of the blank, the complexity of the part contour shape, and improving machining efficiency while ensuring the technical requirements of the part machining.
2. Process analysis of machining parts
The process analysis of CNC machining involves a wide range of aspects, usually requiring the dimensional data on the part drawing to be provided according to the principle of convenient programming. The conditions for forming the geometric elements of the part contour should be sufficient, and the structural processes of each machining part on the drawing should comply with the characteristics of CNC machining. This annotation method is not only convenient for programming, but also facilitates the coordination of dimensions, improving efficiency.
3. Selection of processing methods
Due to the many processing methods that can achieve the same accuracy and surface roughness, the shape, size, and heat treatment requirements of the parts should be considered when making practical choices.
4. Process scheme determination and processing principles
More accurate surface machining of parts is usually achieved through rough machining, semi precision machining, and precision machining.
5. Division of processing procedures
The machining process of parts on CNC machine tools can be centralized, and most or all of the processes can be completed in one clamping. Firstly, based on the part drawing, it is necessary to consider whether the processed part can be machined on a CNC machine tool. If not, it is necessary to determine which parts are processed on CNC machines and which parts are processed on other machines, that is, to divide the processing steps of the parts.
6. Part installation and fixture selection
The installation of parts should be designed, processed, and programmed uniformly to avoid manual adjustment of processing plans. All surfaces to be machined should be machined as much as possible after a single positioning clamping. Ensure that the coordinate direction of the fixture is relatively fixed with the coordinate direction of the CNC machine tool, and that the parts on the fixture do not interfere with the machining of the part surface by the machine tool. That is, the fixture should be opened, and its positioning and clamping mechanism components should not affect the movement of the tool during the machining process (such as collision, etc.).
7. Selection of cutting tools and determination of cutting parameters
The selection of cutting tools in the CNC machining process is also very important, as it not only affects the machining efficiency of the CNC machine tool, but also directly affects the machining quality. Cutting parameters include spindle speed (cutting speed), feed back rate, and feed rate.
8. Selection of cutting oil
Cutting oil plays a role in protecting the tool and improving machining efficiency throughout the entire machining process. Generally speaking, the selection of cutting oil depends on factors such as workpiece material, equipment type, machining method, and tool performance. In addition, in addition to the direct factors mentioned above, other properties of cutting oil also need to meet requirements, such as oxidation resistance, rust prevention, cooling performance, etc.
9. Determination of processing route
In CNC machining, the trajectory of the tool position relative to the workpiece motion is called the machining trajectory, which requires high positioning accuracy and fast positioning process.
